How is primary lens luxation diagnosed in dogs

Based on the information provided in the search results, primary lens luxation (PLL) in dogs is diagnosed through the following steps: Complete Eye Examination: The veterinarian will perform a thorough eye exam, using an ophthalmoscope to look inside the eye and assess the position of the lens. They will check for signs of lens dislocation, such as a visible "half moon" shape of the lens in the pupil. Additional Diagnostic Tests: Tonometry to measure eye pressure and check for glaucoma, which can result from anterior lens luxation. Schirmer's tear test to evaluate tear production. Fluorescein staining to rule out corneal ulcers. Retinal exam and electroretinogram (ERG) to assess vision. Ultrasound of the eye to examine the internal structures. Ruling Out Secondary Causes: The veterinarian will also look for any underlying eye conditions, such as inflammation, trauma, or cataracts, that could be causing the lens luxation. Genetic Testing: Genetic testing for the ADAMTS17 gene mutation associated with PLL can help confirm the diagnosis, especially in breeds known to be predisposed. The key is that the veterinarian performs a comprehensive eye examination and considers both the clinical signs and diagnostic test results to arrive at a diagnosis of primary lens luxation. Prompt diagnosis is crucial, as anterior lens luxation is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.